# MACD 정복하기

<figure><img src="/files/YuhFJFrgmojs21N06FS6" alt=""><figcaption><p><a href="https://kr.tradingview.com/chart/BTCUSDT/4ai3ttPE/">https://kr.tradingview.com/chart/BTCUSDT/4ai3ttPE/</a></p></figcaption></figure>

\#토카데미 #MACD #보조지표\
안녕하세요 트레이더 여러분, 토미입니다. 오늘은 RSI와 더불어 전세계 트레이더들이 가장 많이 참고하는 기술적 지표인 [MACD](https://kr.tradingview.com/ideas/macd/) (Moving Average Convergence Divergence)에 대해 배워보겠습니다. 차트 분석 입문하시는 분들에겐 왠지 뭔가 있어 보이고 간지가 나 보이는 녀석이죠. MACD는 두개의 이동평균선(이평선)간의 차이를 이용하여 추세의 강도, 변곡점 및 타점을 도출할 수 있는 보조지표로 단기, 장기 이동평균선과 히스토그램으로 이루어져 있습니다. 과연 이 MACD라는 지표를 활용하여 실질적으로 어떻게 트레이딩을 할 수 있을지 쉽고 자세히 알려드리겠습니다.\
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<산출 공식>

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먼저 이 지표가 어떻게 산출되는지 아주 간략하게 알아보겠습니다. 우리가 평소에 사용하는 지표나 지수의 공식 및 산출법을 인지하는 것과 아예 모르고 것과는 실무에 활용하는 데에 있어 큰 차이가 있습니다. 깊이 이해한 만큼 실용성을 극대화시킬 수 있으며 중간중간에 나오는 노이즈 처리도 쉽게 할 수 있습니다. 하나도 어렵지 않으니 완벽하게는 아니더라도 대충이라도 정도껏 이해를 하시는 걸 추천 드립니다.\
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아래 비트코인 차트에 두개의 이동평균선이 있습니다. 하나는 단기(Fast, 민감한) 다른 하나는 장기(Slow, 둔감한) 이평선입니다. MACD의 디폴트 설정 값인 12와 26이 바로 이 두 이평선의 길이를 뜻합니다. 많은 분들이 12와 26이평선이 MACD지표 자체 내에 있는 두 곡선으로 착각하고 계시는데, 그게 아니라 이 둘 간의 이격도(벌어진 정도)를 가지고 [MACD](https://kr.tradingview.com/ideas/macd/) Line이라는 곡선이 만들어집니다.\
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[MACD](https://kr.tradingview.com/ideas/macd/) Line = 단기(12) 이평선 – 장기(26) 이평선\
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MACD지표의 중간 값인 0을 기준선(Baseline)이라고 합니다. 해당 지표는 이 기준선을 매우 중요시하며 [MACD](https://kr.tradingview.com/ideas/macd/) 선과 오실레이터가 이 기준선 위에 혹은 아래에 있는지 항상 잘 보셔야됩니다. MACD선이 기준선 위에 있으면 주가의 단기 이평선이 장기 이평선 상단에 있다는 뜻(정배열)이며 보통 상승 추세라고 해석합니다. 반대로 MACD선이 기준선 아래에 있으면 주가의 단기 이평선이 장기 이평선 하단에 있다는 뜻(역배열)이며 보통 하락 추세라고 해석합니다. 12와 26 이평선가 크로스될 떈 MACD선이 기준선인 딱 중앙에 위치한 시점으로 추세의 잠재적 전환으로 볼 수 있습니다. 또한 MACD선이 상대적으로 올라갈수록 과매수, 내려갈수록 과매도 상태라고도 의미를 둘 수 있습니다.

<figure><img src="/files/43oRiP7XzePzfoZibSVI" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

자, 주가의 두 이평선 간격을 시각화해준 MACD선에 이평선 하나를 또 갖다 붙여보겠습니다. 이 곡선을 우리는 Signal Line이라고 하며 통상적으로 9 이평선을 사용합니다. 결국 Signal 선은 주가의 두 이평선(12, 26)이 벌어진 정도를 나타낸 곡선( [MACD](https://kr.tradingview.com/ideas/macd/) Line)의 이평선이라고 풀이해볼 수 있겠네요. 아무튼 이 [MACD](https://kr.tradingview.com/ideas/macd/) 선과 Signal 선의 이격도를 오실레이터(Oscillator)라고 하며 보통 히스토그램 형태로 표시해줍니다. 그러면 이제 [MACD](https://kr.tradingview.com/ideas/macd/) 보조지표 완성!\
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[MACD](https://kr.tradingview.com/ideas/macd/) Line = 단기, 민감한, Faster 선\
Signal Line = 장기, 둔감한, Slower 선

<figure><img src="/files/nbqlygrclVOi4qvvsnRg" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

MACD선이 Signal선 상단에 위치해 있으면 오실레이터가 위(양)로, 하단에 위치해 있으면 오실레이터가 아래(음)로 형성됩니다. 두 선들이 서로 벌어질수록(Diverging) 히스토그램 막대가 커지며 좁아질수록(Converging) 막대가 작아집니다. 다른 말로 MACD선이 Signal선보다 한참 밑에 있으면 히스토그램 막대가 아래로 커지고 (하락 추세) 한참 위에 있으면 히스토그램 막대가 위로 커집니다(상승 추세). MACD선이 Signal선을 골든 크로스를 하는 순간 음에서 양으로, 데드 크로스를 하는 순간 양에서 음으로 바뀌며 이때를 매우 유심히 봐야합니다.

<figure><img src="/files/s4zFmWZ81ZQKfm7XwOs7" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<활용법>

교과서적으로 MACD라는 지표는 매수세력과 매도세력의 힘의 크기를 보여주는 지표이네, 추세의 강도와 전환점을 알려주는 도구이네 등등 구글, 유튜브, 네이버에 찾아보면 뻔한 소리만 합니다. 아니 기술적분석 세계에서 어느 지표, 기법, 이론이 안 그럽니까? 본문에서는 제 경험과 연구를 토대로 해당 지표를 실질적으로 유용하고 효율적으로 사용하는 법에 대해 낱낱이 파헤쳐드리겠습니다.

MACD는 딱 두가지 신호만 주목하시면 됩니다.

1. MACD선과 Signal선의 크로스가 발생하는, 즉 오실레이터가 양에서 음으로 혹은 음에서 양으로 변환되는 시점
2. 오실레이터가 변곡점, 즉 고/저점(Peak out)을 찍고 추세가 전환되는 시작되는 시점

두 곡선의 크로스: MACD와 Signal 곡선들의 크로스가 나면 기본적으로 추세의 변곡을 기대해볼 수 있습니다. 기준선 상단에서 MACD선이 Signal선을 데드크로스(위에서 아래로 하향이탈)하면 추세가 상승에서 하락으로 전환될 수 있다고 해석합니다. 반대로 기준선 하단에서 MACD선이 Signal선을 골든크로스(아래에서 위로 상방돌파)하면 추세가 하락에서 상승으로 전환될 수 있다고 해석합니다. 단, 여기서 한가지 기억하셔야 할 게 골든크로스는 비교적 위에서, 데드크로스는 아래에서 발생된 신호일수록 추세의 전환에 더 높은 가중치를 둘 수 있습니다. 저는 개인적으로 기준선 근처에서 발생된 크로스들은 의미 있게 보지 않습니다.

<figure><img src="/files/z0W0vwS5x0Qt4FUq3fSR" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

히스토그램 Peak Out:\
다음으로 우리가 포착해야 할 주요 시그널은 오실레이터의 변곡점입니다. [MACD](https://kr.tradingview.com/ideas/macd/) 선과 Signal 선 간의 격차가 벌어질수록 히스토그램 길이는 위 혹은 아래 방향으로 점점 증가합니다. 히스토그램이 증가한다는 건 추세(양은 상승, 음은 하락)가 더 강해지고 있다는 의미입니다. 그러다가 히스토그램이 어느 순간 피크를 찍고 다시 줄어드는 시점이 오는데 이건 추세가 점점 약해지고 있다는 뜻입니다. 간혹 MACD선과 Signal선의 유의미한 크로스 출현 전에 히스토그램 변곡이 우리에게 미리 힌트를 주기도 합니다. 참고로 트레이딩뷰 기본 설정 상 오실레이터가 변곡점을 찍고 내려오는 순간 히스토그램 막대를 연한 색깔로 표기해줍니다.

<figure><img src="/files/1nFFKytQPScxxiGX5CZ0" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

MACD를 사용하면서 가장 중요한 팁 하나 알려드리겠습니다. 어떠한 종류의 시그널이던 중간값(0)인 기준선에서 더 멀리 발생한 시그널일수록 의미성이 더해집니다. 참고로 본 지표는 수치의 범위가 무한합니다. 기준선인 0을 잣대로 최대치는 무한한 플러스, 최소치는 무한한 마이너스입니다. RSI처럼 딱 0과 100을 사이로 과매수/과매도 라인이 없기 때문에 MACD는 상대적인 성향이 강합니다. 때문에 제가 명확하게 딱 잘라 특정 구간에서의 시그널을 유의미하게 보라고 하기가 어렵네요. 이전 곡선들이 형성한 고/저점들과 비교를 하며 최대한 상대적인 추이를 기준으로 판단을 내려야 합니다. 다른 말로 상대적으로 더 위나 아래에서 출현한 시그널들을 주의 깊게 봐야 합니다.

<figure><img src="/files/qgzlCwAMsSUkUWXQYkku" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<다이버전스>\
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제가 이전 다이버전스 강의에서 커버 드렸듯이 [MACD](https://kr.tradingview.com/ideas/macd/) 지표에서도 다이버전스 이론을 접목해볼 수 있습니다. 본 지표는 크게 두개(MACD선과 오실레이터)의 다른 세부 지표로 이루어져 있으며 다이버전스 역시 두 요소에 각각 적용시킬 수 있습니다. 아래 차트처럼 주가는 고점을 올렸는데 MACD선 혹은 히스토그램은 고점을 올리지 못했을 때는 하락 다이버전스겠죠. 반대로 주가는 저점을 내렸는데 MACD선 혹은 히스토그램은 저점을 내리지 못했을 때는 상승 다이버전스입니다.

<figure><img src="/files/kAvi7FRUSU0bjwN0h4gA" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

다이버전스 개념에 대해 더 자세히 알고 싶으면 아래 링크/이미지를 클릭하십시오.

<figure><img src="/files/v00NfmZFE0gs2FWFkQAj" alt=""><figcaption><p><a href="https://tommytradingchannel.gitbook.io/tommy_trading/undefined-8/undefined-1">https://tommytradingchannel.gitbook.io/tommy_trading/undefined-8/undefined-1</a></p></figcaption></figure>

<나만을 위한 [MACD](https://kr.tradingview.com/ideas/macd/) 만들기>\
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흔히 쓰이는 MACD의 기본(디폴트) 설정 값은 12, 26, 9이며 현재 트레이딩뷰에서 제공하는 MACD의 두 이평선, 즉 MACD선을 도출할 때 사용되는 주가의 12와 26 이평선의 종류는 [EMA](https://kr.tradingview.com/ideas/ema/) ( [Exponential Moving Average](https://kr.tradingview.com/ideas/ema/) )입니다. 또한 저 설정 값에서 9는 Signal선의 길이를 의미하며 본 이평선 종류 역시 EMA입니다.

<figure><img src="/files/RFi61vrt3MDOuq1JWUJU" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

MACD는 제럴드 아펠이라는 아저씨가 1970년대에 개발한 지표입니다. 하지만 여러분들도 알다시피 현대 금융 시장은 50년 전과 많이 다릅니다. 세상은 점점 더 빠르고 예측불가하게 변하고 있으며 금융 시장도 예외는 아닙니다. 기술적분석 관점으로도 이전에는 흔히 나오지 않았던 패턴, 경향성, 규칙, 그리고 흐름들이 지금은 비일비재하게 나오고 있습니다. 이쪽 시장은 정해진 답안지가 없으며 시시각각 변하는 시장에 맞게 우리가 참고하는 기법과 전략들을 항상 업데이트해줄 필요가 있습니다.\
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[MACD](https://kr.tradingview.com/ideas/macd/) 역시 모든 사람들이 사용하는 12, 26, 9, [EMA](https://kr.tradingview.com/ideas/ema/) , [EMA](https://kr.tradingview.com/ideas/ema/) 보다 더 나은 설정 값이 분명 존재할 겁니다. 그래서 저희 팀은 여러분들이 CD지표의 파라미터 값과 곡선 산출법을 변경하여 더 요즘 시장에 그리고 여러분 트레이딩 성향에 최적화된 지표로 만들어 사용할 수 있는 툴을 만들어봤습니다. 이름하여 I\_MACD! 두 곡선과 Signal 선의 길이는 물론이고 타 이평선들을 포함 [RSI](https://kr.tradingview.com/ideas/relativestrengthindex/) , OBV, [CCI](https://kr.tradingview.com/ideas/commoditychannelindex/) , [MFI](https://kr.tradingview.com/ideas/moneyflow/) 등과 같은 다른 종류의 지표로도 CD선을 구할 수 있게끔 해 놨습니다. 차트 상단에 지표 클릭하신 다음에 I\_MACD 검색하시면 나옵니다! (더 자세한 정보는 아래 이미지 클릭)

<figure><img src="/files/QkHTX4UwzgFBa1dY2jsA" alt=""><figcaption><p><a href="https://kr.tradingview.com/script/oAg6Vf3t/">https://kr.tradingview.com/script/oAg6Vf3t/</a></p></figcaption></figure>

예를 들어 조금 더 장기적인 추세를 반영하는 MACD를 만들고 싶다면 이평선 길이를 12, 26이 아닌 50, 100를 사용해볼 수도 있고 이평선의 민감도를 변경하고 싶다면 EMA가 아닌 HMA나 RMA 같은 종류로 설정해볼 수 있겠죠. 또한 이평선이 아니라 아예 다른 지표들을 가지고 MACD화(정확히 말하면 CD화죠) 시켜볼 수도 있습니다. 저도 이것저것 시도 중인데 꽤 흥미로운 셋팅 값들이 보이네요. 참고로 디폴트로 설정해 놓은 시고저종/4, 60, 140, 30, [EMA](https://kr.tradingview.com/ideas/ema/) , [EMA](https://kr.tradingview.com/ideas/ema/) 조합도 제가 현재 테스트하고 있는 나쁘지 않은 값입니다. 여러분들도 괜찮은 설정 값들을 찾으면 혼자만 쓰지 마시고 댓글에 공유 좀 부탁드립니다\~\
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또한 주요 시그널들을 쉽게 잡아낼 수 있게 아래와 같이 몇 가지 자동 기능들을 추가했습니다. 여러분들의 편의와 상황에 따라 사용하셔도 되고 거슬리면 끄셔도 됩니다.\
1\. MACD선과 Signal선의 크로스: 기준선 위에선 데드크로스, 아래에선 골든크로스를 표시해줍니다.\
2\. 다이버전스 민감도: MACD선의 다이버전스 출현 여부를 알려줍니다. 다이버전스 민감도를 내릴수록 더 작은 (단기) 단위 파동들의, 올릴수록 더 큰 (장기) 단위의 파동들의 다이버전스를 잡습니다.\
3\. 히스토그램 피크 아웃: MACD선이 기준선 위에 있을 때는 양, 아래에 있을 때는 음 히스토그램의 변곡점으로 의심되는 곳을 표기해줍니다.\
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제가 매번 강조 드리지만 지표는 보조로만 참고하는 도구이며 절대적으로 다 맞는 지표, 이론, 그리고 방법론은 세상에 존재하지 않습니다. 시장 상황에 따라 적절히 활용하고 본인이 사용하는 기술적분석 기법들 조합의 일부로 참고만 하시는 게 좋습니다.\
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그러면 오늘은 이만 마치겠습니다. 감사합니다.


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